试谈招投标文件的语言特点

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incapacitate can’t

jeopardize harm

require need

（3） 冷僻用词代替日常用词

prior to before

expiry end

certify prove

solicit seek

例子：Prior to the detailed evaluation, pursuant to ITB Clause 26, the Purchase will determine the substantial responsiveness of each bid to the bidding documents.

例子：In the case of fixed price contracts, if the award is delayed by a period exceeding fifty-six days beyond the expiry of the initial bid validity, the contract price will be adjusted by a factor specified in the request for extension.

（4） 大量使用(here-, there-)复合词

hereinafter, hereby, hereto, hereof……

therefrom, therein, thereafter, thereinafter, thereby, thereof……

例子：The supplier shall not, without the Purchaser’s prior written consent, disclose the Contract or any provision thereof, or any specification, plan, drawing, pattern, sample, or information furnished by or on behalf of the Purchaser in connection therewith, to any person other than a person employed by the Supplier in the performance of the Contract.

例子：In consideration of the payments to be made by the Purchaser to the Supplier as hereinafter mentioned, the Supplier hereby covenants with the Purchaser to provide the goods and services and to remedy defects therein in conformity in all respects with the provisions of the Contracts.

（5）有意识地有系统地使用抽象名词代替动词

用his inaction代替he didn’t take action，用his signature in my presence代替He wrote down his name before me.

（6） 口语体用字比较罕见

表“将来”一般不用be going to do或be about to do，而要用shall或will；表“批准”不用allow，而用approve或permit。

6. 句子结构复杂冗长。法律最忌轻易立论，总是在把重要和普遍的事情说出来的同时，不忘把例外的和次要的事情一并捎上。科技注重逻辑联系，不允许有联系上的缺环，有什么后果必须探究产生此后果的原因和条件。招投标文件既属法律文件，又是科技文件，思维缜密，结构严谨，相应地，复杂冗长的句子充斥其中，理解和翻译起来很费力。在处理这些冗长句子时最好的解决办法就是将这些冗长复杂的句子在适当关节处切开，分解为意念完整的组件，让每个意念单独成句，然后按照从普遍到特殊，从主要到次要的顺序对各个组件重新排列组合，先叙述要点，再补充细节，最后提示可能发生的误解。

例子：原英文：If any dispute arises between the Employer and the Contractor in connection with, or arising out of, the Contract or the execution of the works, whether during the execution of the works or after their completion and whe

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