r all, if trade can make everyone worse off, we better have a government around to stop people from trading!
在这两个原理中原理5起着重要的角色,注意原理5原句(“贸易能使每个人的状况变得更好”)推出了原理6(“政府是愚蠢的”)。毕竟,如果贸易能是每个人的状况变得更好我们还要政府干什么?而原理5的解释(“贸易能使每个人的状况变得更糟”)推出原理7(“政府也不是那样德愚蠢”)。毕竟,如果贸易能使我们的状况变得更糟,我们还是需要一个政府来阻止某些人交易!
Like the first five principles, Principles #6 and #7 demonstrate the fine distinctions inherent in the economic way of thinking. People are stupid, but not that stupid; trade can make everyone better off, but it can also make everyone worse off; governments are stupid, but not that stupid. Exploring, refining, and delineating these distinctions is the subject matter of upper-level economics classes, doctoral dissertations in economics, and the vast majority of papers in the American Economic Review and other scholarly journals. Should the reader decide to follow this path, the fundamental principles described on the first page of this article will provide invaluable guidance.
和前五个原理一样,原理6和7显示了经济学思考方式内在的微妙特征。人们是愚蠢的,但并不是那样的愚蠢,贸易能使每个人的状况变得更好,但也能使每个人的状况变得更糟;政府是愚蠢的,但也不是那样德愚蠢。研究,提炼及叙述这些特征就是经济学高等经济学课程,博士论文的主要话题,也是美国经济评论及其他学术性期刊论文的主要话题。文章第一页所描述的基本原理提供了非常重要的指引,读者应遵循这些原理。 |