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竞争性采购
竞争性采购Competitive Procurement
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aled bids is not deemed appropriate; or 封标被认为步是最恰当的或
• it is necessary to conduct discussions with providers, because of differences in areas such as law, regulations, and business practices, especially for contracts to be made abroad. 当有必要和提供者进行讨论的时候,因为在一些领域存在不同,比如法律,规范,商业案例尤其是与国外签订合同的时候
Two-step Sealed Bidding 两阶段密封投标
Two-step sealed bidding is competitive procurement method that is a combination of the two aforementioned competitive procurement procedures, and is designed to obtain:
两段(步)式封标是以上两种竞争性采购程序的综合,以获得以下利益
• the benefits of negotiation for helping the requesting organization complete or define specifications without any pricing consideration; and 谈判的好处在于帮助需求企业完成或达到其规格要求而不用考虑价格的因素
• the benefits of sealed bidding for getting the best price for the technically acceptable solution agreed-upon. 封标的好处在于可接受的技术方案内得到最优惠的价格
Two-step sealed bids can be used in preference to negotiated procurement when all of the following conditions are present: 两段(步)式封标更偏向于谈判采购,当出现下列情况的时候
• Specifications are not definite or complete or may be, without further technical evaluation or discussion, too restrictive to ensure mutual understanding between each source and the requesting organization;
规格不确定或者不完整,在没有更进一步的技术评审和讨论情况下,以及限制太多而导致不能确保每个供应商和需求组织之间的相互理解的情况下
• Definite criteria exist for evaluating technical proposals; 存在确定的标准来评价技术方案
• More than one technically qualified source is expected to be available; 在技术上存在不止一个有资质的供应商
• Sufficient time will be available for use of the two-step sealed-bidding method; and 有充足的时间可用实行两段(步)式封标方式
• A firm-fixed-price contract or a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment will be used. 对确定的固定价格合同和可调整的价格合同适用
Other than Full and Open Competition (OFOC)非完全公开竞争
Because Part 6 of the FAR, formerly the Competition In Contracting Act (CICA), defines competition as the standard for procurement, other non-competitive procurement methods are considered to be exceptions, and thus should be used only under certain, well-defined conditions, and they should be carefully and thoroughly justified and documented. Contra
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