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密封投标Sealed Bids
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thod because no time is wasted in discussions, except in very well-defined cases, between the requester and prospective suppliers. Therefore, sealed bidding is deemed the fairest since no opportunity is offered to a provider to appear smarter, and more efficient than others, thus introducing a bias into the requester’s mind by leveraging their special, newly created or long lasting relationship. Sealed bidding provides a clear, and definitive commitment, with no space for trade-off, particularly about non-price-related factors used to evaluate responsiveness of bids.
很多潜在供应商认为密封投标是花费较少，最快捷的竞争性采购方式，因为询价者和潜在供应商不会把时间浪费在讨论上，除了一些要求明确的例子。因此，密封投标被认为是最公平的方式，既然供应商没有被授予相对其他供应商更出色或更有效率的机会，那么他们之间新建立起来的特殊的或长久以来的关系就会对询价者产生影响，导致其产生偏见。密封投标做出了清晰明确的承诺，没有讨价还价的余地，尤其是对于用于评估标书的非价格相关因素。
Sealed bidding contract types 密封投标合同类型
Only a firm-fixed-price (FFP) contract can be used when sealed bidding is selected as the contracting method. Nonetheless, a fixed-price (FP) contract with economic price adjustment may be used when the sealed-bidding process needs some flexibility, and it is feasible, and authorized (FAR 16.203).
只有严格固定价格合同(FFP)才可以采用密封投标作为订约方式，然而，当密封投标过程比较灵活的时候就可以采用可调整的价格合同，这是可行的，并且是被授权了的。(联邦采购法案 16.203).
3. Sealed Bidding Procedures 密封投标程序
The table below delineates the different steps that are involved in the process implementing sealed bidding, and that are detailed in the next sections.
下表描述了密封投标实施过程中包含的不同的步骤，在下面的章节中会有详细的描述
The Sealed-Bidding Process:
1. Preparation of the invitation for bids
2. Publicizing of the invitation for bids
3. Receipt of bids
4. Public opening of bids
5. Evaluation, and comparison of bids
6. Selection of the lowest-priced responsive bid
7. Award of contract
密封投标过程
1投标邀请书的筹备
2投标邀请书的公开
3标书的接受
4 公开标书
5标书的评估和比较
6技术上可接受的最低解决方案的选择
7授予合同
Sealed Bidding Step 1: Preparation of the invitation for bids
密封投标步骤1：投标邀请书的筹备
Sealed bidding relies on a solicitation document, also called invitation to bid (ITB) or invitation to tender (ITT), that should describe in a clear, accurate, and complete manner the needs, requirements, and con
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