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竞争性采购
$100,000 [FAR 2.101]), and contracting by negotiation for acquisitions which evaluation factors are not primarily related to price but the overall value, sealed bidding is aiming at merely selecting the offer with the lowest evaluated priced.
当简单采购转变为小规模采购(金额低于100000美元的采购[FAR 2.101]),通过谈判定约方式而进行,这种方式下评估标准并不只是与价格有关系而是与整体价值相关,而密封投标仅仅只是选择预估价格最低的报价。
2. Sealed Bidding密封投标
To solicit offers from providers, the best-price purchase process relies on an Invitation to Bid (ITB), also known as Invitation to tender (ITT), Invitation for Bids (IFB), or Sealed Bids.
为了从供应商那招徕报价,最佳价格采购过程取决于招标邀请书,也被叫做投标邀请函,投标邀请书或密封投标
Definition of sealed bidding密封投标的定义
Sealed bidding (defined in FAR Part 14) is a procurement method used when the best value is expected to result from the selection of the lowest evaluated priced offer. This contracting method solicits, in a document called invitation for bids (IFB), prospective providers for submitting offers, called sealed bids.
密封投标(在FAR14条中有定义)是一种期望从所有预估报价中选择最低报价而获得最大利益的采购方法。这种订约方式被叫做招标邀请书,有远见的投标者递交他们的报价称为密封投标。
Precedence of sealed bidding优先密封投标
Federal regulations give preference to sealed bidding over contracting by negotiation, that is sealed bids over competitive proposals, if:
相对谈判订约方式,联邦法案更偏爱密封投标,密封投标比竞争性建议更具优势如果
1. Time permits the solicitation, submission, and evaluation of sealed bids;
2. The award will be made on the basis of price and other price-related factors;
3. It is not necessary to conduct discussions with the responding providers about their sealed bid because of both the clearness and completeness of requirements; and
4. There is a reasonable expectation of receiving more than one sealed bid.
1时间允许进行询价,投标和对封标的评估
2 标书的授予取决于价格以及其它和价格相关的因素
3 没有必要与供应商进行密封投标的讨论,因为清晰和完整是标书的要求
4收到不止一份标书从而有一个合理的期望
If any one of the aforementioned conditions is lacking, contracting by negotiation is thus the procurement method selected instead of sealed bidding.
如果上面提到的条件没有一个满足的话,那么可以选择谈判订约的采购方法代替密封投标
Comparative efficiency of sealed bidding密封投标的比较效益
Most prospective providers consider sealed bidding as the less costly, fastest competitive procurement me
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