(FAR Part 14)(联邦采购法案第14条)
Federal Procurement Essentials 联邦采购要素
Also known as: bid contracting, sealed bidding, sealed bid procurement, invitation to bid (ITB),
1. Competitive Procurement and Sealed Bids
竞争性采购和密封投标
The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) is the law that defines methods and processes for contractual acquisition to be performed by any federal entity of any asset, whether material (good, product, or construction) or immaterial (services). Although these policies and procedures differ by essence, they share their willingness to promote competition to the maximum extent as their procurement standard, so-called full and open competition (FOC).
联邦采购法案是任何类型资产的联邦实体在进行合同采购时必须遵守的法律,无论是有形物质的采购(商品,产品或基建工程),还是非有形物质的采购(服务),该法案确定了采购的方法和过程。尽管这些政策和程序在本质上有些不同,但是他们都是以最大限度的促进竞争作为采购标准,因而被叫做完全公开竞争(FOC)
Procurement is a two-fold perspective: it identifies, first, the method to be used by qualifying the level of competition required by both the acquisition nature and context; and, consequently, defines the process or procedures to be implemented in order to support the method chosen.
采购有两方面的考虑,首先它确定了采购性质和背景所要求的高水平竞争所采用的方法,其次,它界定了要实施的采购过程和程序以确保对所选方案的支持。
Competitive procurement, i.e. full and open competition, provides different contracting methods with different level of competition, as follows:
竞争性采购,比如完全公开竞争,提供了不同的合同方案代表不同程度的竞争,如下
The 3 Competitive Contracting Methods:
1. Sealed bidding, relying on competitive bids, also called sealed bids, submitted in response to an invitation for bids (IFB);
2. Contracting by negotiation, relying on competitive proposals in response to a request for proposals (RFP); and
3. Simplified acquisitions, relying on quotations in response to a request for quotation (RFQ).
竞争性订约方式
1 密封投标, 取决于竞争性投标,也称为封标,是对招标邀请书的回复。
2 谈判订约,取决于竞争性建议,它是对建议需求书的回复
3 简单采购,取决于报价,它是对报价邀请函的回复
While simplified acquisitions is reserved for "small" acquisitions (less than
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